Why this score?
Four weighted factors drive the Warren County risk score. Methodology is fully documented — each input is public data or a reasoned proxy.
Above-average transmission capacity. Mid-sized facilities viable; hyperscale would need targeted upgrades.
Moderate water availability. Cooling-tower viable with standard permitting; closed-loop reduces risk.
Moderate availability of large parcels. Some sites fit; assembly may be required for hyperscale.
Moderate cluster proximity. Known projects within the broader region.
Water infrastructure
Any hyperscale data center in Warren County would need an Ohio EPA NPDES permit and (for surface water) coordination with the relevant watershed authority. The water source is Little Miami River.
Major-river surface water in this part of Ohio provides moderate cooling capacity for data centers. Discharge requirements (temperature, chemistry) are typically the more binding constraint than withdrawal volume.
A single hyperscale data center using evaporative cooling can require 1–5 million gallons per day. Closed-loop and air-cooled designs reduce that draw at higher capital cost — a tradeoff that becomes more relevant as Ohio's water-permitting reviews lengthen.
Electric infrastructure
Grid capacity and transmission access are the single biggest driver of where hyperscale developers actually site projects. Warren County is served by Duke Energy Ohio + AES Ohio.
AES Ohio (formerly Dayton Power & Light) serves the Dayton region. AES has less surplus transmission capacity than AEP or FirstEnergy, which is a structural constraint on hyperscale siting in its territory. Duke Energy Ohio serves the Cincinnati region and southwestern Ohio. Duke's transmission infrastructure feeds the Butler County data-center corridor (Project Mila / Prologis Trenton).
A single major substation upgrade or new transmission-line announcement can change the power factor significantly without any public proposal having been filed. Utility-survey activity at specific industrial parcels typically precedes a hyperscale proposal by six to twelve months.
Adjacent county activity
Hyperscale campuses cluster near existing transmission and water infrastructure. Activity in adjacent counties is the single best predictor of where a developer will look next.
Butler County — Project Mila — Prologis's 141-acre, 250 MW data-center campus in Trenton — was approved March 30, 2026 in a 10-minute Planning Commission meeting.
Franklin County — Hilliard's Bloom Energy fuel-cell installation — 73 MW Amazon + AEP Ohio data-center generation, the largest in North America — is in administrative-court litigation.
State legislative context
Ohio's 2025–2026 legislative session has produced multiple bills targeting hyperscale data centers. Each affects Warren County directly, regardless of whether a project is currently proposed here.
HB 15 (signed into law in 2025) created the "behind-the-meter" generation framework allowing data centers to install on-site generation that bypasses some local zoning review and PUCO oversight. HB 695 (in committee) would prohibit local officials from signing non-disclosure agreements with data-center developers, with $1,000 fines per violation.
The proposed Ohio Constitutional Amendment from Ohio Residents for Responsible Development (ORRD) would ban hyperscale data centers above 25 MW absent a county-level vote. The campaign needs 413,488 valid signatures from at least half of Ohio's 88 counties by July 1, 2026.
No active data center in Warren County — yet.
The fastest available policy lever is the Ohio constitutional amendment that would ban hyperscale data centers above 25 MW absent a county-level vote. Ohio Residents for Responsible Development needs 413,488 valid signatures by July 1, 2026 to put it on the November ballot. Find a signing event in your county.
Find a signing event →Independent. Reader-supported. Free to participate.
Compare with other counties
See how Warren County's score compares to the rest of Ohio's 88 counties.
See all 88 counties ranked →A preparation brief written for your address in Warren County. Includes your public comment letter, hearing script, public records templates, and county officials. Delivered in 60 seconds.